Gradebook

Your grade sheet for Principles of Geography (GEOG0200 (UG15)-01)

Mrs. Amaris Dorothea Evans

A (174.13%)

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This grade includes +89% extra credit

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أمراض العظام وجراحات العمود الفقري

يحتاج جسم الانسان للدعامة والحماية وهذه الوظيفة التي يقوم بها الجهاز العظمي وحدوث اصابة أو خلل في أي عظمة في الجسم ينتج عنه آلام شديدة لا يستطيع الإنسان تحملها فبعضها يحتاج إلى علاج بسيط والبعض الآخر يحتاج إلى تدخل جراحي وهذا يتوقف على قرار الطبيب المعالج. العظام الهيكل العظمي الذي يعطي للإنسان جسمه المميز وهو عبارة عن عظام وأسنان ويحتوي جسم الإنسان على 206 عظمة حيث ان كل عظمة تتكون من خلايا متخصصة تتكون من ألياف بروتينية وكالسيوم وماء ومعادن.

انواع العظام

- العظام الطويلة التي توجد في الأطراف العلوية والسفلية مثل عظام الفخذين والساقين وأعلى الذراعين والساعدين.

- العظام القصيرة التي توجد في عظام القدمين والمعصمين وفقرات العمود الفقري.

- العظام المسطحة التي توجد في عظام الصفيحة وعضلات الألوية والجمجمة.

- العظام غير المنتظمة التي توجد في أجزاء مختلفة من الجسم.

-عظام الأطراف العلوية التي تتكون من عظام الصفائح والعضد و عظام الساعد والمعصمين وعظام المشط وكتائب الأصابع.

- مفصل الكتف يتكون بين عظم الصفيحة وأعلى عظم العضد ، ويتكون مفصل الكوع بين عظم العضد السفلي وأعلى عظم الساعد ، ويتكون مفصل الرسغ بين الساعد السفلي و العظم الرسغي ، ينتهي الطرف العلوي بمفصل اصبع اليد.

- عظام الأطراف السفلية التي تتكون من عظام الحوض وعظام الفخذ وعظام الساق وعظام القدم وعظام الفوقية و عظام أصابع القدم.

- يتكون مفصل الحوض بين عظم الفخذ ومفصل الركبة بين الجزء السفلي من عظم الفخذ والجزء العلوي من عظم القدم ، و مفصل إصبع القدم في نهاية الطرف السفلي.

- العمود الفقري وهو من أهم العظام ، لأنه يحمي استقامة الجسم وانتصابه وحماية النخاع الشوكي المتصل بالدماغ ، بما في ذلك مركز العصب الذي يتحكم في حركة جميع العضلات في الجسم.

أمراض العظام

- هشاشة العظام

- قلة النسيج العظمي

- تلين العظام

جميع الأمراض السابقة سببها هو انخفاض كثافة المعادن في العظام أو نقص فيتامين د ويزيد من خطر حدوث كسور وهو أكثر شيوعا عند النساء خاصة بعد انقطاع الطمث.

- مرض بادجيت : هو اختلال قدرة الجسم على إزالة الأجزاء القديمة من العظام واستبدالها بعظام جديدة، مما يؤدي إلى تشكل عظام جديدة غير طبيعية الشكل، و ضعيفة، وهشة وهو أكثر شيوعاً عند كبار السن.

- تكون العظم الناقص : هو اضطراب وراثي نتيجة عدم عمل أحد الجينات بطريقة صحيحة مما يسبب تكسر العظام بسهولة.

- أورام العظام : هي نادرة الحدوث مقارنة بمناطق الجسم الأخرى وهي تبدأ في أي عظمة من الجسم ثم يحدث انتشار المرض في باقي عظام الجسم.

- التهاب العظام : هو وصول عدوى بكتيرية أو فطرية الى النسيج العظمي من خلال مجرى الدم إلى العظام.

- كسور العظام : وهي تسبب آلام شديدة للعظام.

جراحات العمود الفقري

يلجأ الطبيب إلى الجراحة لتقليل الضغط الواقع على النخاع الشوكى بإزالة جزء أو فقرة كاملة من فقرات العمود وذلك لتخفيف الألم الناتج عن الانزلاق الغضروفي اصابات العمود الفقري أو بعض الأورام او التغييرات التي تحدث فيه بسبب التقدم بالعمر.

هناك ثلاثة مراحل لجراحة العمود الفقري وهما :

قبل إجراء العملية

يجب على المريض التوقف عن تناول الطعام والشراب في الليلة السابقة من إجراء الجراحة، كما يجب ارتداء ملابس مريحة وفضفاضة مع تجنب ارتداء المجوهرات.

أثناء إجراء العملية

- يتم إجراء شق طويل في الظهر، ثم الوصول إلى منطقة العمود الفقري وإزالة الفقرة المسببة للضغط، ثم دمج الفقرات معًا، وتحتاج هذه العملية عادة لعدة ساعات.

- يتم دمج الفقرات بالعديد من الطرق بناءً على العديد من العوامل، مثل: العمر، والحالة الصحية، ومكان تضيق العمود الفقري، ومقدار الضغط على جذور العصب، ومدى خبرة الطبيب.

ما بعد إجراء العملية

يتم مراقبة المريض بعد إجراء الجراحة للتأكد من عدم وجود أية مضاعفات، كما يتم إعطاء المريض بعض المسكنات للتخفيف من آلام الظهر.

تتطلب هذه الأمراض أطباء مؤهلين تأهيلاً عالياً ومعروفين وذوي خبرة ويمكن معرفة أفضل الأطباء في هذا المجال من خلال البحث في المواقع والأخذ بآراء المرضى الذين خاضوا التجربة ومن هنا يمكننا التحدث عن أ.د خالد بترجي.

أ.د خالد بترجي استشاري جراحة العظام والعمود الفقري والمفاصل

- استشاري جراحة العظام والعمود الفقري والحوادث بمجموعة مستشفيات السعودي الألماني

- دكتور ممارس في أكثر من دولة من أهمهم مصر و السعودية

- 35 سنة خبرة

تخلص من المعاناة و تواصل معنا الآن: استفسارات المرضى - أ.د خالد بترجي استشاري جراحة العظام والعمود الفقري والمفاصل

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